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看过的导演访谈不多,这部是我目前为止觉得最难啃的。布列松在里面提出了很多对我来说有趣甚至独特的观点,我经常需要暂停重看以理解他的意思。这个长评是关于纪录片中我觉得有意思的点的摘抄与思考。
一、
戈达尔:布列松既是(人性的)检察官也是人文主义者。
杜拉斯:在布列松之前的电影都是寄生虫,依附于其他艺术形式,但是布列松赋予了电影生命。电影独立了。
——思考:个人不赞成布列松让电影独立,不过布列松电影的确独树一帜。
二、
布列松把《驴子巴特萨》的驴比作卓别林电影中的Little Tramp,因为这两个角色都意味着一种eroticism/spirituality/Christian mysticism。
——思考:没完全看懂这里在说什么,但这个比喻似乎很有道理。
三、
“To me, the most important part of a film is its rhythm. Everything is expressed by the rhythm. Without rhythm, there's nothing.”
四、
“摄影机只是reproduce,不是create。电影是在剪辑室产生的,在那里重组图像,添加音效,这样才能开花结果。”
五、
“艺术的重点在于suggestion,电影人的困难在于不应该明确展现(precisely show)事物。理想情况下什么都不应该被展现,但那不可能,所以要通过展现一个角度去evoke所有其他角度(而且这些角度不能被展现)。”
六、
“电影中的思想必须通过合适的图像与声音来表现,台词是最后的选择。”
七、
《驴子巴特萨》只用一种镜头:长焦距,50mm的镜头,限制很大,但效果却很惊人,就像布列松的零度表演。
八、
在《驴子巴特萨》中布列松从不规划场面调度,而是现场透过50mm镜头去尽力捕捉构图。
——思考:这与接下来(九)和(一O)中表述的影像思维似乎是一致的,即强调自发(automacy)反对编排。
九、
“我们的身体是有自主性的,就像你坐着把手放在膝盖上并不是你深思熟虑的结果。我们说的话也和我们脑中所想的不一定一致,the words come even as we think, and perhaps even make us think。从这个意义上说,戏剧艺术是不真实不自然的。”
一〇、
布列松谈到演员表演:“I like the mind to be completely uninvolved in what's happening. We keep repeating lines, 50 times if necessary, until the mind no longet intervenes in the dialogue or gestures. Once things become automatic, the actor is thrown into the action of the film, and completely unexpected things happen that are a hundred times more real than theatrical acting. When the actor has memorized his lines, thinking out his every line and gesture, there's no way it will seem real. That's the improvisation I speak of. We can't imitate life. We have to find a way to reproduce it without imitating it. If we imitate life, it's not real. It's fake. I think using a mechanism like this can lead to something lifelike, and even real.”
——思考:虽然个人不认为布列松这样制造出的电影是真实的(或者最接近真实的),但不得不说,通过聚焦于影片角色们无意识自发的(而不是编排过的)行为机制,这些角色们的思想与情绪的确在观感上拥有一种奇特的真实且自然的质感(即我们不觉得他们是没有灵魂的木偶/僵尸,而觉得是虽然行为方式奇特但却依然有着生动灵魂的活生生的人)。
一一、
如何让演员处理台词:i ask them to learn their lines ignoring their meanings, as if they didn't have a meaning, as if the words were just syllables. As if words weren't madr of words but of syllables. The meaning comes upon them unaware. At the moment I described earlier, when I set them loose in the film.